This treatise was written around 55–56 CE and addressed to the young Emperor Nero, whom Seneca served as adviser. It makes the case that mercy is the virtue most fitting for a ruler, distinguishing true clemency from mere weakness.
The essay explores the relationship between power and restraint, arguing that a ruler who governs through compassion rather than fear earns loyalty that force can never secure.
"No one can wear a mask long; the false quickly lapses back into its own nature."
— Of Clemency, 1.1